The development of mathematics occurs simultaneously at the levels of fundamental research and applications. With the computerization of society, the importance of the Internet and softwares, we now have very concrete applications of mathematics. The RSA encryption system and error-correcting codes in the mid-1970s put Number Theory as a central field in Information Theory. Consequently teaching and research in algebra, geometry, and arithmetic have become essential in the training of students interested in Information Theory and its applications.

As field of mathematical research, Number Theory has a very long history. It has evolved over the centuries and meets today manby branches of mathematics (algebra, geometry, topology, analysis, group theory, algorithmic, etc.). It is a fascinating, active, and constantly evolving field, marked by the work of the very best mathematicians (Grothendieck, Serre, Wiles, etc.), all within a highly stimulating international context.

Finally, it is worth mentioning that the 1990s also saw the development of symbolic computation softwares in Number Theory, some of which are free and open-source. A significant portion of research involves deep calculations and simulations. This requires researchers to have highly specialized skills in both computer science and mathematics, particularly to assist programmers in the design and improvement of such software.